蝙蝠研究
2014_萬巒地區台灣鼠耳蝠外寄生蟲的豐度變化_王鴻毓
出版年份：2014
研究生：王鴻毓
分類：碩士論文
題目：萬巒地區台灣鼠耳蝠外寄生蟲的豐度變化
Title：Variation in the Abundance of Ectoparasites of Formosan Mouse-Eared Bat (Myotis taiwanensis) in Wanluan Area
摘要：
寄生蟲以宿主的血液或其他體液為食，通常不會殺死宿主。寄生蟲對於宿主的選擇會受到很多潛在因素影響，像是宿主的性別、生殖狀態或行為等。關於臺灣鼠耳蝠(Myotis taiwanensis)的外寄生蟲過去未有研究，本篇研究的目的為鑑定出臺灣鼠耳蝠的外寄生蟲種類、了解外寄生蟲對於宿主在性別、年齡、生殖狀態上是否有所偏好以及在不同季節寄生蟲的豐度變化。本研究在屏東縣萬巒地區的地下水道，每個月最少捕捉30隻蝙蝠，鑑定外寄生蟲及記錄數目。自2012年11月至2013年10月，總共由343隻臺灣鼠耳蝠身上採集到3245隻外寄生蟲，鑑定後有8種外寄生蟲，2種蛛蠅屬Nycteribia allotopa mikado, N. formosana; 2種毛刷蛛蠅屬Penicillidia dufourii tainani and P. jenynsi及四種蝠蟎屬Spinturnix bakeri, S. myoti, S. verutus and S. sp.。臺灣鼠耳蝠在前臂長及體重上顯示出有性別二型性，雌性較大。寄生蟲的豐度有季節性的變化，最高豐度出現在春季，最低則是秋季。三種蝠蟎在宿主選擇上有顯著偏好雌性宿主。只有S. myoti在蝙蝠成幼體選擇有顯著的差異，N. formosana則是在雌蝠不同生殖狀態上顯示出有顯著的差異。
Abstract：
A parasite is an organism that gobtains nutrients from feeding on host''s blood or other body fluids, usually it does not kill its host. The sex, reproductive status, or behavior of hosts are potential factors that might affect the host selection of the parasites. The ectoparasites of Formosan mouse-eared bats (Myotis taiwanensis) have not been investigated. The aims of this study were to identify the ectoparasite species of Formosan mouse-eared bats, and to investigate whether sex, age or reproductive status of the hosts and seasons would affect the host preferences of ectoparasites. The ectoparasitic abundance on Formosan mouse-eared bats was studied in a water tunnel in Wanluan area, Pingtung County from November 2012 to October 2013. More than 30 bats were collected by hand nets and checked for the ectoparasites every month. A total of 3245 ectoparasites of eight species were collected from 343 Formosan mouse-eared bats. Two groups of ectoparasites were identified: four species of bat flies (Nycteribia allotopa mikado, N. formosana, Penicillidia dufourii tainani and P. jenynsi) and four species of blood-sucking mites (Spinturnix bakeri, S. myoti, S. verutus and S. sp.). Sexual dimorphism was identified in both forearm length and body mass of M. taiwanensis, where adult females was larger than males. The abundance of ectoparasites varied seasonally, with the highest in spring and the lowest in autumn. Three of the blood-sucking mites showed stronger preferences for the female than male hosts. Differences in ectoparasitic abundance between adult and juvenile bats were only found in that of Spinturnix myoti. The reproductive status of female bats significant effects on the host preferences of Nycteribia formosana.