蝙蝠研究
2010_拍翼式微飛行器氣動力特性之風洞實驗_翁家俊
出版年份：2010
研究生：翁家俊
分類：碩士論文
題目：拍翼式微飛行器氣動力特性之風洞實驗
Title：The Experiment of Wind-Tunnel of the Aerodynamic Characteristic of Flapping-Wing Micro Aerial Vehicles
摘要：
本論文的目的係以仿生物飛行的概念設計、製造與測試一拍翼式微飛行器。其機翼構型則是模仿蝙蝠翅膀的結構，翼展設定為25.6cm、機翼面積為156.3cm2及展弦比為4.2。拍撲翼的作動機制是一個四連桿機構設計，而驅動機翼拍撲的動力，係由使用鋰電池的直流電馬達結合減速齒輪所提供。拍翼式微飛行器的氣動力特性測試，是在低速、低紊流強度的開放式風洞中進行。流場速度的測試範圍從0～4m/s，並透過改變輸入電壓的方式調整拍撲頻率為4Hz、7Hz、10Hz及12Hz，以及翼翅在不同攻角(0o～30o之間，間隔10o)下，進行翼翅拍動時所產生升/阻力之氣動力參數的量測實驗。
本研究的實驗分為兩部分。第一部分為拍翼式微型飛行器在低雷諾數條件之氣動力特性的量測，藉由六分量平衡儀量測拍動中拍撲翼的升力及阻力參數，驗證在低雷諾數的流場環境下能夠提升拍翼機滯空時間的主要因子組合。第二部分為運用視流技術進行流場可視化實驗，結果顯示，微飛行器在完整拍翼的行程中，會呈現一個多渦流系統(前緣渦流，翼尖渦流和反向馮卡門渦流)的現象。
Abstract：
The aim of this thesis is to design, fabricate and test a flapping-wing micro-aerial-vehicle that is inspired from the biomimetics. The wing frames of flapping-wing MAV mimics from the layout of bat wings with total wingspan of 25.6 cm. The wing area is 156.3 cm2 and the aspect ratio of wing is 4.2. The driving mechanism of flapping-wings is a four-bar linkage design. The actuation force or torque available for the flapping wings is drained from the gear-reduction transmission module coupled to a high-speed DC motor powered by a tiny poly-lithium battery. The aerodynamic performance of present flapping-wing MAV is tested with a low speed and low turbulence wind tunnel equipped with a six-component force balance gauge. The tested airstream velocity ranged from 0 to 4 m /s and the wing beat frequency changed from 4Hz, 7Hz, 10Hz, and 12Hz which was varied with different voltage input of electrical motor. In addition, the initial angle of attack of wings (0o ~ 30o with interval of 10o) on the aerodynamic forces of lift and drag were also conducted.
Experimental results were discussed into two parts. The first part was focused on the unsteady low Reynolds number aerodynamic performance of the flapping-wing MAV under various combinations of tested parameters. Both time history and periodic-averaged lift force and thrust force were presented. In order to identify the vortex dynamics on the force generating mechanism, a series of smoke-film flow visualization runs were conducted. Results showed that there is a multiple vortex system (leading edge vortex, tip vortex, and reverse von karman vortex sheet) around the MAV when the wings undergoing a cyclical flapping mode.